PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) removes large or complex kidney stones through a small opening in the back, using a scope and laser or ultrasound to break them. Typical hospital stay: 2 to 3 days Time to plan in India: 7 to 10 days Who needs it?* Kidney stones larger than about 2 cm * Staghorn or complex stones * Stones not cleared by other methods How it's done1. CT scan planning 2. General anaesthesia 3. A small tract is made into the kidney through the back 4. Stones a

Hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are minimally invasive procedures that let a gynaecologist look inside the uterus and pelvis to find and treat problems affecting fertility, such as polyps, fibroids, adhesions, blocked tubes or endometriosis. Typical hospital stay: Day care or 1 night Time to plan in India: 5 to 7 days Who needs it?* Suspected polyps, fibroids or a uterine septum * Blocked fallopian tubes * Endometriosis or pelvic adhesions * Repeated IVF failure or recurrent mis

Shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) breaks kidney or ureteric stones with shock waves from outside the body, so the fragments can pass naturally in the urine. Typical hospital stay: None (day care) Time to plan in India: 3 to 5 days Who needs it?* Small to medium stones, usually under 1.5 cm * Stones in suitable positions How it's done1. X-ray or ultrasound to target the stone 2. Mild pain relief or sedation 3. Shock waves are applied for 30 to 60 minutes Recovery timeline* Same da