Microdiscectomy removes the part of a herniated (slipped) disc that presses on a spinal nerve, using a microscope through a small incision. It relieves leg pain (sciatica) or arm pain quickly for most patients. Typical hospital stay: 1 to 2 days Time to plan in India: 7 to 10 days Who needs it?* Sciatica or arm pain from a slipped disc * Numbness or weakness in the leg or arm * Pain not relieved after 6 to 12 weeks of treatment How it's done1. MRI to confirm the disc problem

Spinal fusion joins two or more vertebrae with screws, rods and bone graft so they heal into one solid bone. It stabilises the spine and reduces pain caused by movement between vertebrae. Typical hospital stay: 4 to 7 days Time to plan in India: 2 to 3 weeks Who needs it?* Spondylolisthesis (slipped vertebra) * Spinal instability or deformity * Severe degenerative disc disease * Fractures or after tumour removal How it's done1. Imaging to plan levels and approach 2. General a

Spinal tumour surgery removes tumours of the spine or spinal cord, aiming to relieve pressure on nerves while keeping the spine stable. It is often combined with radiation or other cancer treatment. Typical hospital stay: 5 to 10 days Time to plan in India: 3 to 4 weeks Who needs it?* Tumours compressing the spinal cord or nerves * Spinal instability from a tumour * Back pain, weakness or numbness from a tumour How it's done1. MRI, CT and biopsy to plan treatment 2. General a