PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) removes large or complex kidney stones through a small opening in the back, using a scope and laser or ultrasound to break them. Typical hospital stay: 2 to 3 days Time to plan in India: 7 to 10 days Who needs it?* Kidney stones larger than about 2 cm * Staghorn or complex stones * Stones not cleared by other methods How it's done1. CT scan planning 2. General anaesthesia 3. A small tract is made into the kidney through the back 4. Stones a

Shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) breaks kidney or ureteric stones with shock waves from outside the body, so the fragments can pass naturally in the urine. Typical hospital stay: None (day care) Time to plan in India: 3 to 5 days Who needs it?* Small to medium stones, usually under 1.5 cm * Stones in suitable positions How it's done1. X-ray or ultrasound to target the stone 2. Mild pain relief or sedation 3. Shock waves are applied for 30 to 60 minutes Recovery timeline* Same da

Male infertility treatment identifies and treats causes of low sperm count or quality, including hormone problems, varicocele and blockages, and offers sperm retrieval for IVF or ICSI. Typical hospital stay: None or day care Time to plan in India: 5 to 7 days Who needs it?* Abnormal semen analysis * No sperm in semen (azoospermia) * Varicocele or hormone imbalance How it's done1. Semen analysis, hormone tests and scrotal ultrasound 2. Medicines, varicocele repair or other tre